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		<doi>10.5194/bg-2018-465</doi>
		<issn>1810-6277</issn>
		<citationkey>LessCSNVWBDGAKKR:2018:RoHyBi</citationkey>
		<title>The role of hydrodynamic and biogeochemistry on CO2 flux and pCO2 at the Amazon River mouth</title>
		<year>2018</year>
		<month>Dec.</month>
		<typeofwork>journal article</typeofwork>
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		<author>Less, Diani F. S.,</author>
		<author>Cunha, Alan C.,</author>
		<author>Sawakuchi, Henrique O.,</author>
		<author>Neu, Vania,</author>
		<author>Valério, Aline de Matos,</author>
		<author>Ward, Nicholas D.,</author>
		<author>Brito, Daimio C.,</author>
		<author>Diniz, Joel E. M.,</author>
		<author>Gagne-Maynard, William,</author>
		<author>Abreu, Carlos M.,</author>
		<author>Kampel, Milton,</author>
		<author>Krusche, Alex V.,</author>
		<author>Richey, Jeffrey E.,</author>
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		<affiliation>Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará (UFOPA)</affiliation>
		<affiliation>Universidade Federal do Amapá (UFAP)</affiliation>
		<affiliation>Universidade de São Paulo (USP)</affiliation>
		<affiliation>Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia (UFRAM)</affiliation>
		<affiliation>Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)</affiliation>
		<affiliation>Pacific Northwest National Laboratory</affiliation>
		<affiliation>Universidade do Estado do Amapá (UEAP)</affiliation>
		<affiliation>Universidade Federal do Amapá (UFAP)</affiliation>
		<affiliation>Pacific Northwest National Laboratory</affiliation>
		<affiliation>Universidade Federal do Amapá (UFAP)</affiliation>
		<affiliation>Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)</affiliation>
		<affiliation>Universidade de São Paulo (USP)</affiliation>
		<affiliation>University of Washington</affiliation>
		<electronicmailaddress>diani.less@ufopa.edu.br</electronicmailaddress>
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		<electronicmailaddress>aline.valerio@inpe.br</electronicmailaddress>
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		<electronicmailaddress>milton.kampel@inpe.br</electronicmailaddress>
		<journal>Biogeosciences Discussions</journal>
		<volume>2018</volume>
		<number>465</number>
		<transferableflag>1</transferableflag>
		<contenttype>External Contribution</contenttype>
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		<abstract>Recent estimates indicate that the lower Amazon River outgasses significant amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2) that was not previously accounted for the global inland water carbon budget. Detailed evaluation of seasonal variability and 10 controlling mechanisms behind the CO2 fluxes in this large and complex area remains incomplete. Previous observations throughout the Amazon basin showed that higher CO2 fluxes (FCO2) and partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) occur during high water and higher wind intensity seasons. The influence of wind and water speed, depth of water column, as well as respiration of allochthonous and autochthonous organic matter, are frequently assigned as the main control variables. Here, we assess the influence of a set of biogeochemical and hydrodynamic parameters on the seasonal variation of FCO2 and 15 pCO2 near the Amazon River mouth. FCO2, pCO2 and biogeochemical and hydrologic analyses were carried out from 2010 to 2016 during four different hydrological periods per year (N=25) in the North Channel of the Amazon River mouth. FCO2 and pCO2 were used as dependent variables and analyzed against 33 biogeochemical, hydrodynamic and meteorological parameters along the hydrological seasons. The highest FCO2 and pCO2 was obtained at high discharge season (11.28 ± 7.82 &#956;mol m- ² s-1 and (4575 ± 429 &#956;atm, respectively) when most of these parameters tend to be higher. Among the 33 parameters 20 analyzed, the significant correlations with FCO2 and pCO2 (p<0.05) observed were for water and air temperatures, dissolved oxygen, dissolved organic carbon, nitrate, dissolved inorganic nitrogen and pH. These variables could be considered suitable predictors for estimating pCO2 and FCO2 in the Amazon River mouth area. For a better estimation and understanding of carbon budgets in tropical rivers it is still required to verify and to quantify more deeply the relationship among CO2 evasion and others hydrodynamic, meteorological and biogeochemical variables.</abstract>
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